important_content field?

I could not find any documentation of the field important_content.
What is the purpose of this field?
It gets the value from H1-H3 tags ("//*[self::H1 or self::H2 or self::H3]), but why it’s boost values are negative?

query.boost.important_content=-1.0
query.boost.important_content.lang=-1.0

A negative value disables the feature. So, it’s disabled by default.

So if I put some positive values there, then document should have boost if search criteria hits the important_content field? Anything else I should make?

Yes, the important_content field affects a score.

Is it possible to define boost value for additional field?
So if I define a new indexed additional field, is there any way to define boost value for this field?

To define own scoring, you can set ScoreFunctionBuilder to QueryHelper.